With more than 1 blog post there are page links for the additional entries above and below the blog excerpt. In this image, for example, above the "Typography Test" entry are page links. How do I remove those?

Or, is there a way to make them only appear for a certain month by default? When filtering by the archives, the blog pages for that month only appear and not all of them.

Thanks.

What you are seeing is the links to the older posts. If you want to remove this, edit the virtual template index.php and remove the code

<?php bfa_content_nav(); ?>

Which displays a numbered navigation on multi post pages.that does it

That's it exactly! Outstanding! It prevents me from accessing any older posts, however, which is a problem.

Is there a way to filter the links to older posts by month automatically? Without having to click the archives?

I'm not sure what you are asking

What I would like:

When someone views my blog, by default, it shows only the posts for the current month.

Currently: Clicking on a month name in my archive will show all blogs for that month. Is there a way to enable this behavior automatically?

Clicking on a month name in my archive will show all blogs for that month.

So if I go to your blog January 1st and you haven't yet published a post in January, I won't see anything…hmmm I'd probably not come back

Is there a way to enable this behavior automatically?

automatically - in the back end - no, but once you code it (and you are going to have to play with it and figure out what to do) it will be automatic for the viewer.